Red Clover Variety Trials through 1982

Care should be taken by growers to obtain red clover seed of known origin, variety, germination, and purity. Whenever possible, purchase of certified seed of adapted varieties is strongly advised. Varieties such as Altaswede, Norlac, and Ottawa from Canada; Arlington and Lakeland from Wisconsin; Pennscott from Pennsylvania; Chesapeake from Maryland; and Tensas from Louisiana are not as well suited for use in Kentucky as are Kenland, Kenstar, and a few other varieties developed for the general area of Kentucky

Activation of D1 Dopamine Receptors Induces Emergence from Isoflurane General Anesthesia

Background: A recent study showed that methylphenidate induces emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. Methylphenidate inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that selective dopamine receptor activation induces emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. Methods: In adult rats, we tested the effects of chloro-APB (D1 agonist) and quinpirole (D2 agonist) on time to emergence from isoflurane general anesthesia. We then performed a dose–response study to test for chloro-APB–induced restoration of righting during continuous isoflurane anesthesia. SCH-23390 (D1 antagonist) was used to confirm that the effects induced by chloro-APB are specifically mediated by D1 receptors. In a separate group of animals, spectral analysis was performed on surface electroencephalogram recordings to assess neurophysiologic changes induced by chloro-APB and quinpirole during isoflurane general anesthesia. Results: Chloro-APB decreased median time to emergence from 330 to 50 s. The median difference in time to emergence between the saline control group (n = 6) and the chloro-APB group (n = 6) was 222 s (95% CI: 77–534 s, Mann–Whitney test). This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0082). During continuous isoflurane anesthesia, chloro-APB dose-dependently restored righting (n = 6) and decreased electroencephalogram δ power (n = 4). These effects were inhibited by pretreatment with SCH-23390. Quinpirole did not restore righting (n = 6) and had no significant effect on the electroencephalogram (n = 4) during continuous isoflurane anesthesia. Conclusions: Activation of D1 receptors by chloro-APB decreases time to emergence from isoflurane anesthesia and produces behavioral and neurophysiologic evidence of arousal during continuous isoflurane anesthesia. These findings suggest that selective activation of a D1 receptor–mediated arousal mechanism is sufficient to induce emergence from isoflurane general anesthesia.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DP1-OD003646)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant K08-GM094394)Massachusetts General Hospital. Dept. of Anesthesia and Critical Car

Alfalfa, White Clover, and Red Clover Variety Trials

This note is a brief summary of results obtained in 1981 from one white clover, five alfalfa, and three red clover trials. Yields in the seeding year, and from the first full year of production thereafter, are not the best estimate of the full potential of most forage legumes. The third season stand and yield are a good measure of persistency with red clover and white clover. At times it may be the fourth or fifth season with alfalfa before stands begin to thin. To supply information on the best varieties available there is a continuous monitoring of new varieties and a few experimental strains about ready for release. Results of tests of experimental strains are found in Forage Variety Progress Reports along with descriptions of most varieties named in this report

Evidence for Ordered Magnetic Fields in the Quasar Environment

At a distance of 20 pc from the purported supermassive black hole powering quasars, temperatures and densities are inferred from optical observations to be ~10**4 K and ~10**4 cm**-3. Here we present Very Long Baseline Interferometry radio observations revealing organized magnetic fields on the parsec scale in the hot plasma surrounding the quasar OQ172 (1442+101). These magnetic fields rotate the plane of polarization of the radio emission coming from the core and inner jet of the quasar. The derived rotation measure (RM) is 40,000 rad m**-2 in the rest frame of the quasar. Only 10 mas (a projected distance of 68 pc) from the nucleus the jet absolute values of RM fall to less than 100 rad m**-2.Comment: in press at ApJ Letters, 12 page LaTeX document includes 4 postscript figure